ORIGINAL REFERENCE:
Pliemon, T., Foelsche, U., Rohr, C., and Pfister, C.: Subdaily meteorological measurements of temperature, direction of the movement of the clouds, and cloud cover in the Late Maunder Minimum by Louis Morin in Paris, Clim. Past, 2022
We have digitized three meteorological variables (temperature, direction of the movement of the clouds, and cloud
cover) from copies of Louis Morin’s original measurements (Source: Institute of History / Oeschger Centre for Climate Change
"Research, University of Bern; and Institut de France) and subjected them to quality analysis to make these data available"
to the scientific community. Our available data cover the period 1665–1713 (temperature beginning in 1676). We compare
the early instrumental temperature dataset with statistical methods and proxy data to validate the measurements in terms of
inhomogeneities and claim that they are, apart from small inhomogeneities, reliable. The Late Maunder Minimum (LMM)
is characterized by cold winters and falls, and moderate springs and summers, with respect to the reference period of 1961–
1990. Winter months show a significant lower frequency of westerly direction of the movement of the clouds. This reduction
of advection from the ocean leads to a cooling in Paris in winter. The influence of the advection becomes apparent when
comparing the last decade of the 17th century (cold) and the first decade of the 18th century (warm). Consequently, the unusually
cold winters in the LMM are largely caused by a lower frequency of westerly direction of the movement of the clouds. An
impact analysis reveals that the winter of 1708/09 was a devastating one with respect of consecutive ice days, although other
winters are more pronounced (e.g., the winters of 1676/77, 1678/79, 1683/84, 1692/93, 1694/95 and 1696/97) in terms of mean
temperature, ice days, cold days or consecutive cold days. An investigation of the cloud cover data revealed a high discrepancy,
where the winter season (DJF, -14.0 %), the spring season (MAM, -20.8 %), the summer season (JJA, -17.9 %) and the fall
season (SON, -18.0 %) show negative anomalies of TCC with respect to the 30 year mean of the ERA5-data (1981–2010).
Thus, Morin’s measurements of temperature and direction of the movement of the clouds seem to be trustworthy, whereas
cloud cover in quantitative terms should be taken with caution.
Data hieronder te vinden
Artikel
O.a. dus met de roemruchte winter van 1709! Als iemand een grafiek wil maken, heel graag. Dank.
Betreft dus Parijs.