De mixed layer ging naar waarden niet gezien sinds de 90s. Nu is er nauwelijks bezinking in de besproken gebieden en soms zelfs geen meer laatste jaren. Irminger wel nog maar ook afgenomen.
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2015 periode juist uitzonderlijk sterke fase!
Section 3.2 explores the causes of the 2015CA; here, we summarize other observation-based evidence for extreme oceanographic conditions in the winter of 2014–2015 elsewhere in the subpolar gyre. Observations from the Long-Term Ocean Circulation Observations (LOCO) mooring in the Irminger Sea (located on the northwest edge of the 2015CA; Figure 3a ) show that 2014–2015 experienced the greatest mixed-layer depths since 2003. Complete removal of the upper-layer stratification occurred to 1,400 m, which is markedly deeper than the mixing to 800–1,000 m observed in 2007–2008, 2008–2009, and 2011–2012 (de Jong & de Steur 2016). Furthermore, analysis of a hydrographic section across the Irminger Sea in July 2015 revealed that the previous volume of Labrador Sea Water had been replaced by a newly convected water mass. The deep convection in the Irminger Sea during the winter of 2014–2015 also resulted in the replenishment of middepth oxygen concentrations and a tripling of anthropogenic carbon storage rates (Fröb et al. 2016). Farther west, Argo float and annual survey data reveal convection in the central Labrador Sea in the winter of 2014–2015 down to 1,700 m, the deepest since 1994 (Yashayaev & Loder 2016). In addition, a recently published analysis using Argo float profiles found that major deep convective activity occurred in the winter of 2014–2015 south of Cape Farewell (the southern tip of Greenland) and in the Labrador and Irminger Seas, the first time that observations have revealed deep convection over such a broad area (Piron et al. 2017). The extreme conditions at various sites across the subpolar gyre point to the possibility of extended consequences from intense surface heat loss, and we examine this together with other mechanisms in the
https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063102
