"Most meteorologists would likely say that every
vortex event associated in any manner with any type
of thunderstorm or convective cloud is a tornado (i.e.,
Glickman 2000). However, this approach could be
viewed as counterproductive in establishing an appropriate
system for the classification and archiving of
tornado events. Florida, for example, has an elevated
tornado count due to the frequency of landfalling waterspouts.
Further, in this era of global warming with the
anticipated increase in CAPE and convective storms in
the twenty-first century (see Solomon et al. 2007; Trapp
et al. 2007), it might be useful to separate the more locally
produced weaker vortex events from those more
directly associated with supercells (type I) and QLCS
(type II)."
"Based on the above introductions and descriptions of
types I, II, and III tornadoes, it is now appropriate to
present an organized taxonomy for classifying tornadoes.
a. Type I
The type I tornado is produced by the discrete supercell
mesocyclone, as well as the low-top minisupercell
(previously discussed). It is also noted that the supercell
is typically severe right moving (SR), but in rare instances
it can be severe left moving (SL), depending on
the characteristics of the wind hodograph. Supercells
that split into SR and SL storms have the potential to
develop cyclonic and anticyclonic type I tornadoes, respectively.
Third, another type I tornado is produced by the low-top minisupercell associated with landfalling
hurricanes. These tornadoes are typically associated with
convective cells located in the right-front quadrant of the
hurricane (and are somewhat rare). Important to the development
of discrete supercells is the presence of lowlevel
directional shear (as well as magnitude shear), a
distinguishing feature in cells versus lines.
b. Type II
The type II tornado is produced by a variety of
physical processes that are associated with QLCS. These
tornadoes occur in association with mesocyclones and
other mesovotices that arise in conjunction with cold
pool dynamics, embedded convective cells, bow echoes
and bookend vortices, rear-inflow jets, and line echo
wave patterns (previously discussed). In addition, spiral
bands in the right-front quadrant of a landfalling hurricane
can produce tornadoes of the QLCS type. There
is a total of six tornado species proposed as type II
events, as illustrated in Fig. 5.
c. Type III
The type III tornadoes are all of those events not
classified as type I (supercells) or type II (QLCS). More
specifically, these are localized convective and shear
vortices. The type III convective events include landspouts,
waterspouts, and cold air funnels. The type III
shear events are gustnadoes, anticyclonic secondary vortices,
and shear vortices associated with inertial instabilities
in the eyewall of hurricanes. In addition, it is noted
that type III tornadoes can occur in association with
supercells and QLCSs (namely gustnadoes), even when
no type I or II tornadoes occur. Further, it is noted that
type I and II tornadoes can occur over water and thus,
according to the Glossary of Meteorology (Glickman
2000), would be labeled as waterspouts, but in this classification
systemthese events (with landfall) would not be
labeled as type III tornadoes.
d. Guidelines for classification
Finally, Table 1 provides a description for each of the
15 tornado species and is intended to offer guidance for
the classification of tornadoes. As noted above, there
are three species in type I, six species in type II, and six
species in type III."
Ik kan me trouwens prima vinden in een dergelijke taxonomie, maar de gewone man zal hier natuurlijk weinig mee kunnen.
Dus laten we windhozen en tornado's maar lekker door elkaar gebruiken en geen onderscheid meer maken tussen beide.
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