* Differential vorticity advection and temperature advection can act in opposition to each other in the atmosphere, so a qualitative evaluation of the two terms might result in one positive and one negative contribution, making an estimation of the total forcing difficult.
* Vorticity advection and temperature advection are not independent of each other because once the geopotential height field is specified, the 3-D vorticity field and temperature advection are also specified.
* Terms 2 and 3 are not Galilean invariant (ie. they depend on the reference frame in which they are being measured). If these forcing functions represent fundamental physical processes, then observations of these processes should be independent of the observer's reference frame.
These concerns can be remedied with the use of the Q-vector form of the quasi-geostrophic omega equation (Hoskins et al., 1978)...enz.
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